Laboratory data include a complete blood count, which will show the level of white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, MCV, reticulocytes counts, and Red cell distribution with (RDW). To recognize and appropriately diagnose myelophthisic anemia, the combinations of relevant laboratory data, peripheral blood smear, and bone marrow biopsy should be studied. This article will be focusing on myelophthisic anemia, and its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, complications, evaluations, and management. Other causes of hypo-proliferative anemia include nutritional deficiencies, toxin exposures, endocrine abnormalities, hematologic malignancies, and bone marrow failure syndromes. Hypoproliferative anemia is different from other forms of anemia since the reticulocyte count is usually low compared to anemia caused by increased blood loss or peripheral destruction, wherein the reticulocyte count mostly increases. It is of a hypo-proliferative variant of anemia because it results from inadequate production of red blood cells from the bone marrow. Myelophthisic anemia is anemia characterized by the presence of immature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood due to the infiltration (crowding out) of the bone marrow by abnormal tissue. Anemia considerably affects morbidity and mortality, and thereby there is the utmost relevance in making timely diagnosis and undertaking effective treatment of the same. reported that about 27% of the world population is affected by anemia with iron deficiency anemia being the most common subtype implicated. Severe symptoms can be devastating since it can limit the functional capacity of the individual in carrying out even basic activities of daily living. Anemia can be asymptomatic or can present with mild to severe symptoms. The macrocytic anemias have MCV greater than 100 fL, and they include megaloblastic anemia and non-megaloblastic anemia. Other types of normocytic anemia apart from myelophthisic anemia include aplastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease, and anemia of renal disease. Microcytic anemia is anemia with MCV below 80 fL, and they include sideroblastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and thalassemia. Normocytic anemia has the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) within the normal range of 80 to 100 fL. Myelophthisic anemia categorizes under the normocytic variety of anemia. Anemia subdivides into microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic variants. There are different types and causes of anemia. Anemia is the reduction in the level of hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), or hematocrit below their lower normal range.
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